Everything about The Dominican Restoration War totally explained
The
Dominican Restoration War was a guerrilla war between
1863 and
1865 in the
Dominican Republic between nationalists and Spain, who had recolonized the country 17 years after its independence.
Background
In 1861 general
Pedro Santana asked Spain to retake control of the country, after a period of only 17 years of independence. Spain, which hadn't come to terms with the loss of its American colonies 30 years earlier, accepted his proposal and made the country a colony again.
The result wasn't the hoped improvement of the economic situation, but a further degradation and a monetary crisis. Furthermore individual rights were limited and popular protests were brutally crushed. Soon the first armed resistance was organized.
Francisco del Rosario Sánchez, one of the
main architects of the Independence, sought help from
Haiti, but was captured and executed on July 4, 1861.
By 1863 Spain was exercising pressure on Haiti to cede territory to Spain or pay a large sum as indemnity. This made Haitian president
Fabre Geffrard give up his strictly neutral position and backed the resistance. This Haitian support was an important help to a new group under the leadership of
Gregorio Luperón, as they could use Haitian territory as a base of operations.
On August 16, 1863 the group made a daring raid on the capital
Santo Domingo and raised the Dominican flag on the
Capotillo hill. This action, known as
El grito de Capotillo, was the beginning of a war, lasting until 1865.
General Pedro Santana was replaced by Spanish Marshal La Gándara, but the Spanish army was no match for the clever guerrilla tactics of the insurgents, and had to abandon the country.
General
Gregorio Luperón became a national hero. The day of
El grito de Capotillo, August 16, is still a national holiday in the
Dominican Republic.
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